A home battery stores electricity and gives it back when you need it. When the grid goes down, it takes over — usually fast enough that you notice the lights flicker rather than go out — and it runs your house from stored power until it's empty or the grid comes back.
The question everyone asks first is how long it lasts, and the honest answer is that it depends entirely on what you're running, not on the number on the box. A battery carrying a fridge, your internet, some lights and phone charging will last a great deal longer than the same battery trying to run air conditioning and an electric dryer. This is why the first thing we do is ask what actually has to stay on — that list, not the house's square footage, is what sizing is built from.
You do not need solar to have a battery. It's less common, but it's a real and sensible thing to do: the battery charges from the grid when power is cheap or simply when it's available, and holds that charge for an outage. If you do have solar, the battery does a second job on top of backup — it stores your own production so you can use it yourself in the evening instead of exporting it, which under NEM 3.0 is the difference between getting retail value for your power and getting the utility's much lower avoided-cost credit.
We're a C-10 electrical contractor, and the battery is only part of what makes this work. The interconnection, the transfer equipment, and whether your existing panel can take any of it are electrical questions — and they're where these projects actually go wrong.